As a emergency standby power supply after power failure, diesel generator sets are in standby state in most cases. Once the power is cut off, whether the generator set can start and supply is the key of playing as an important role during power supply. Otherwise, it will lose its meaning as a backup power source. Therefore, in order to make sure that diesel generator can be started successfully during power cut, it is necessary to maintain diesel generators in daily use. Below are some tips for users to maintain diesel generator. 1. When the generator is in operation, all screens should be locked and the key shall be kept by hand. It is especially important not to leave the key in the lock. 2. Note that insulation tools should be used to ensure circuit safety when connecting or disconnecting the circuit. 3. Check engine starting motor batteries and wiring for metal objects. Clean up immediately. 4. Once the generator has a major fault, can press the control screen emergency stop button emergency shutdown. (this method is not advocated because frequent adoption can cause damage to the equipment.) 5. Before the generator stops, pay attention to load separation, let the unit idling for a period of time until the complete shutdown. In addition, the forced shutdown of the generator can easily cause damage to the unit by installing part of the unit with the stop valve, or by turning off the key switch of the control screen. 6. Generator monthly maintenance content: A. Clean up the dust on the surface of the unit, etc. B. Check whether the speed control rod is flexible and lubricate the connection points; C. Change cooling water, measure PH value before and after replacement (normal value is 7.5-9), and do a good record of measurement, if necessary, add drug treatment; D. Check the tension of fan and charger belts and adjust them if necessary E. If the generator is used in important occasions, the no-load test should be started for at least 10 minutes per week, and the half-hour test with load should be done every six months. Besides daily diesel generator maintenance, how to keep diesel generator safe in winter or cold weather is also important. 1. Selection of diesel oil Carefully Light diesel oil with low freezing point and good ignition performance should be selected in winter, and the freezing point of diesel oil should be lower than the local minimum temperature of 7-10 ℃ in the current season. Because the low temperature in winter will reduce the flow of diesel oil, increase the viscosity that will lead to uneasy spray. As a result, it is easy to cause poor atomization due to the diesel can not be fully burned, resulting in the power of diesel generators decreased and waste. 2. Do not release water too early or release water without cooling water Before flameout should idle operation, waiting for cooling water temperature to 60 ℃, water is not hot and then rest assured. If the cooling water is released prematurely, the body will suddenly shrink and crack when the temperature is high. The residual water should be discharged thoroughly when discharging water to avoid the expansion of the body. 3. It is not suitable to start with open fire Do not remove the air filter, with cotton yarn dipping with diesel fuel ignited to make a fuse placed in the intake pipe to implement combustion booster. In the starting process, the dust-containing air of the outside world will inhale directly into the cylinder without filtration, forming abnormal wear of the piston, cylinder and other parts, and will also form the rough operation of diesel engine and harm the machine. 4. The engine should run at low speed for 3-5 minutes after starting in order to raise the temperature of the diesel engine, check the working condition of lubricating oil, check the normal operation before it can be put into normal operation. In the operation of the diesel engine, the service life of the valve assembly will be affected by reducing the sudden acceleration of the speed or stepping on the throttle to the maximum operation, otherwise the long time will affect the service life of the valve assembly. 5. Attention should be paid to body insulation Winter temperature is low, easy to make diesel engine operation cooling excessive. Therefore, heat preservation is the necessary measure to prolong the life of diesel generator in winter. In the northern region, diesel generators should be equipped with insulation cover and thermal insulation curtain and other cold-proof equipment in winter. 6. It is not advisable to bake oil bottom with open fire Avoid causing oil in the oil pan to degenerate, even scorch, smooth function decline or thorough loss, and then aggravate machine wear. Low freezing point oil should be used in winter, and the engine oil temperature can be raised by using water bath outside the machine to warm up the engine oil.
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Instructions To Make Your Diesel Generator Quiet
Diesel generator set is a kind of mechatronics equipment which converts the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy. With the increasing modernization, especially with the rapid development of the network and communication, the demand for the reliability of power supply is also increasing. Because the ups power supply has the problem of short power supply time, then the diesel generator has a broad development space. However, diesel generator sets not only provide convenience for people, but also directly affect people's health, work and life because of the noise of diesel generator set. With the gradual improvement of environmental requirements, how to solve and overcome the above problems has become the key to the application of diesel generator sets. Here, we mainly introduce the causes and solutions of the noise generated by diesel generator sets. When the running speed of a generator set is at 1500rpm, it will produce a noise of 105dB at a distance of one meter from the genset. In order to avoid the noise coming out of the generator room, the genset noise solution should include the following links. 1. Initial sound absorption and sound insulation processing in generator room 2. Intake and exhaust systems and exhaust gas emission systems should be designed with silencing air tanks. 3. Sound insulation bandaging of exhaust pipes It can not only reduce the heat emission into the generator room, but also reduce the working vibration of the generator set. As a result, it can successfully attenuate generator set noise. Diesel generator set noise can be divided into three parts, including mechanical noise, combustion noise and aerodynamic noise. The first part: mechanical noise is mainly caused by collision and friction of crankshaft, connecting rod, gear and other components. The control of mechanical noise should be taken at the design stage. For example, reducing cylinder diameter, increasing stroke diameter ratio, reducing calibration speed and developing low noise diesel engine. The second part: the combustion noise of direct injection combustion chamber is often the main sound source of diesel engine. The combustion noise can be effectively reduced by changing the advance angle of the nozzle. The third part: aerodynamic noise is divided into exhaust, intake and fan noise, mainly exhaust noise. Sound level up to 115-128 dB at 0.5 m from exhaust port. The noise is most effectively treated by muffler. Mufflers can be combined with filters. The following two methods are used to deal with the noise of diesel generating set, including using noise reduction in the diesel generator room or the purchase of mute genset and silent type generator set. 1. Control of mechanical noise: the top and surrounding walls of the generator room are covered with high absorption and sound insulation materials, which are mainly used to eliminate indoor reverberation and to reduce the sound energy density and reflection intensity in the generator room. 2. Air intake and exhaust noise reduction: the intake and exhaust air channels in the diesel generator room are used as soundproof walls, and the silencers are set up in the inlet and exhaust air channels. 3. Smoke noise reduction: the smoke exhaust system installs two-stage silencers on the basis of the original one-stage silencers to ensure the effective control of the exhaust noise of the units. Exhaust pipe length more than 10 meters to increase the diameter of the exhaust motor to reduce the back pressure. As a kind of emergency backup power supply machine, the structure of diesel generator set is very complicated. Users should pay attention to some problems in every stage of purchasing diesel generator set to safety acceptance, especially during the installation process. Below is a complete installation instruction of diesel generator set installation provided by Jiangsu Starlight Electricity Equipment Co.,Ltd. I Preparation work before diesel generator set installation Generator set Transportation Users should pay attention to the lifting rope which should be tied to the appropriate position, light lifting light release during transportation. When generator set arrives at the destination, it should be placed in the storage room as far as possible. If there is no storage room need to be in the open storage, the tank pad will be high to prevent Rain Water from encroaching, and the tank should be covered with rain protection tent to prevent the equipment from being damaged by the sun and rain. Due to the large size and heavy weight of the genset, the handling route should be arranged before installation, and the handling port should be reserved in the machine room. If the doors and windows are not large enough, a larger port can be reserved in the location of the doors and windows. After the units move in, the masonry walls and installation doors and windows will be repaired. Open the Packing Dust should be removed before opening the packing to see if there is any damage. Check the packing number and quantity, do not damage the machine when leaving the packing. The open-packing order is to fold the roof first, then remove the side plate. After unpacking, the following shall be done: ①Count all units and accessories according to unit list and packing list; ②Check that the main dimensions of the diesel generator and accessories are in accordance with the drawings ③Check genset and accessories for damage and corrosion; If the generator set can not be installed in time after inspection, the finished surface of the disassembled machine should be re-coated with anti-rust oil for proper protection. For the transmission and sliding parts of the genst, do not rotate generator set the antirust oil has been cleared. If rust-proof oil has been removed after inspection, reapply it after inspection. After opening the generator set should pay attention to custody, must be horizontally placed, flange and all kinds of interfaces must be sealed, bandaged, prevent Rain Water and ash sand immersion. Line location According to the relationship between the genset and the wall or the center of the column, and the relationship between genset and other genset, the vertical and horizontal baselines of the installation location of the generator are delineated according to the dimensions of the relationship between genset and the wall or the center of the column. The allowable deviation between the center of generator set and the center of the wall or column is 20mm, and the tolerance between the unit and the unit is 10mm. ①Check equipment and ready for installation ②Check the equipment, understand the design contents and construction drawings, prepare materials according to the design drawings, and send the materials to the construction site in sequence according to the construction plan. ③Preparation of lifting equipment and installation tools II Installation of diesel generator ①Measuring foundation and center line of diesel generator set ②Before the generator set is in place, draw the foundation and the center line of the genset and the position line of shock absorber according to the drawing "release line". ③Hoisting diesel generator set When hoisting, the steel wire rope of sufficient strength is used in the lifting position of genset, which can not be mounted on the shaft, and it should also prevent from touching the tubing and dial, lift the generator set as required, align it with the foundation centerline and the shock absorber, and level the generator set cushion. Generator Set Leveling Adjust the machine to the level with the pad iron. The installation accuracy is 0. 1 mm per meter with vertical and horizontal deviation. There can not have any spacing between the cushion iron and the seat, so that the force is uniform. The exhaust pipe shall be installed with care that the exposed part of the exhaust pipe shall not be in contact with wood or other flammable substances. Pipe extension must allow thermal expansion to occur, pipe can prevent rain, water and so on. There are two ways to lay the exhaust pipe: ①Horizontal overhead: the advantages are less turning and less resistance; the disadvantage is poor indoor heat dissipation and high room temperature. ②Trench laying: the advantage is good indoor heat dissipation; many shortcomings turn and resistance. ③The temperature of the exhaust pipe of the unit is high, in order to prevent scald operator and reduce the radiation heat to raise the temperature of the machine room, it is appropriate to carry on the heat preservation treatment, the heat insulation material may use the glass wire or the silicate aluminum bandage, may take the heat insulation, reduces the noise function. III Installation of exhaust system ①The working definition of exhaust system of diesel generator set refers to the exhaust pipe connected to the engine room by the engine exhaust port after the diesel generator set is installed on the basis of the engine room. ②The diesel generator exhaust system includes exhaust pipes connected to the outside of the engine room with a muffler, bellows, flanges, elbows, gaskets, and engine room connections to the engine standard. The exhaust system should reduce the number of elbows and shorten the total length of exhaust pipe as much as possible, otherwise it will lead to the increase of exhaust pipe pressure, which will lead to excessive power loss of the diesel generator set. It will affect the normal operation of the genset and reduce the normal service life of generator set. The exhaust pipe diameter specified in the technical data of diesel generator set is usually based on the installation of the exhaust pipe with a total length of 6 m and a bend and a muffler at most. When the exhaust system has exceeded the prescribed length and the number of bends in actual installation, the exhaust pipe diameter should be appropriately increased, and the increase depends on the total length of the exhaust pipe and the number of elbows. The first section of the pipeline from the turbocharger exhaust manifold must contain a flexible bellows section. The bellows have been supplied to customers at random, and the second stage of the exhaust pipe should be elastic supported to avoid unreasonable installation of the exhaust pipe. Or the additional side stress and compressive stress caused by the relative displacement caused by the heat effect of the exhaust system are added to the unit while the unit is in operation. All the supporting mechanisms and suspension devices of the exhaust pipe should be elastic to a certain extent. When there is more than one generator st in the machine room, remember that the exhaust system of each unit should be designed and installed independently. It is not allowed for different units to share an exhaust pipe in order to avoid the abnormal movement caused by the different exhaust pressure of different units in operation, to increase the exhaust back pressure and to prevent the exhaust gas from returning through the common pipe, Affects the unit normal power output or even causes the genset damage. Generator Set Noise Source And Solution The noise of generator set is mainly comes from engine and generator. To reduce the noise of the generator set, it is necessary to control the noise source. This article will show you the detailed information about the genset noise source as well as the solution. The main noise source of engine is as follows: Induction noise Exhaust noise Combustion noise Mechanical noise Cooling fans noise The main noise source of generator is as follows: Ventilation noise Electromagnetic noise Mechanical noise Main noise source of engine 1. Air intake and exhaust system noise is the most powerful noise source of the engine. The main source of intake noise is as follows: 1) The pressure fluctuation of air in the intake pipe, which results in low frequency noise. 2) The air flows through the flow area of the intake valve at high speed, which results in high frequency eddy noise. 3) The noise of turbocharger compressor 4) The noise of scavenging pump for two-stroke diesel engine The main source of exhaust noise is as follows: 1) The pressure fluctuation of exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe, which results in low and intermediate frequency noise. 2) High frequency eddy current noise at the flow area of exhaust valve. 2. Combustion noise Combustion noise is the main noise source of internal combustion engine. The burning of combustible mixture in the cylinder causes a sharp change of gas pressure. The piston, cylinder liner, connecting rod, piston pin and crankshaft parts are subjected to impact load, which causes structural vibration and noise. 3. Mechanical noise The main components to cause mechanical noise include piston, cylinder head, cylinder liner, cylinder block, connecting rod, piston pin, crankshaft, valve gear, drive gear and fuel injection pump, etc. Therefore, the design of these parts, manufacturing quality as well as the material selection have an important effect on the noise. The diesel engine stiffness, rotating speed, and movement clearance are the main factors to afftect the mechanical noise. 4. Cooling fan noise It results from the sound of air being moved at high speed across the engine and through the radiator. Main noise source of generator 1. Ventilation noise It includes fan and other ventilation equipment as well as the gas weirl noise formed by rotor. Fan rotation makes cooling gas periodic fluctuation so as to produce the single frequency noise. Resonance of thin wall parts in wind path, or the “piping” produced due to unreasonable return circuit design. 2. Electromagnetic noise The noise refers that due to the interaction of stator and rotor magnetic field in generator air gap, it produces radial force changing with time and space, causing stator core and engine base to vibration due to periodic deformation over time so as to produce noise. 3. Mechanical noise The mechanical noise of generator includes the mechanical vibration noise (caused by centrifugal force that is produced by rotor mechanical unbalance), bearing ventilation noise, brush connector ring or commutator sliding contact noise, and the axial vibration noise of end cap excited by bearing vibration. Noise Reduction Measures There is no doubt that it will have certain effects on the surrounding environment and personnel if the working noise of the machine is too large. Therefore, some necessary noise reduction measures should be taken. In addition to reduce the noise of generator set itself, it is also important to carry out special design for generator room. 1. Room sound insulation The room door and window should adopt fireproof sound insulation door and window. Besides, the sound insulation requirement of brick wall needs more than 40dB (a). On the other hand, it is also important to eliminate sound paths through cracks in doors or walls. 2. Air intake and exhaust After dealing with room sound insualtion, you should turn to solve the problem of ventilation and heat dissipation in the generator room. The air inlet shall be in the same line as the generator set and the air outlet. The air inlet shall be equipped with resistive chip muffler. Due to the air inlet pressure loss is within the allowable range, it can make the air flow in the room reach balance naturally, meanwhile, the effect of ventilation and heat dissipation is obvious. 3. Exhaust muffler In general, generator set is always equipped with an exhaust muffler to limit exhaust noise from the machine. Exhaust silencer comes in a wide variety of types, it is usually divided into two types: chamber-type silencer and spiral type device. The chamber-type device tends to be more effective, but the spiral-type device is more compact and may provide sufficient attenuation for many equipments. 4. Sound absorption treatment In the machine room, the five walls except for the ground can be used for sound absorption treatment. According to the frequency spectral characteristic of the generator set, the perforation board resonance sound absorption structure is adopted. In addition, acoustic insulation – sound-absorbing materials are available for lining air ducts and covering walls and ceilings. Reducing noise at a wall covered in sound absorbing material can be very effective. 5. Air exchange in the room Good sound insulation in the generator room will make there is no air convection in the machine room when the closed water-cooled generator set power off, the high temperature in the room can’t be lowered in time. To solve the problem, you can adopt low noise axial flow fan and equip with a resistive chip muffler. 6. Cooling air attenuation Inlet and outlet air attenuation baffles can help reduce the noise produced by the cooling air as it moves across the engine and through the radiator. 7. Unit vibration isolation Before installing the generator set, users should strictly follow the relevant information provided by the manufacturer to carry out vibration isolation treatment so as to avoid the long-distance transmission of structural sound, which continuously radiate air noise in the propagation so that the factory noise level fail to reach standard. For the generator units that are required to deal with due to exceed standard, the vibration of the ground near the unit must be measured. If the vibration is obvious, the vibration isolation treatment of the generator set must be carried out first. Volvo Diesel Engine Installation PTO Facilities P.T.O. Positions Accessories such as compressors and steering servo pumps etc. can be driven from different power take-off locations on the engine. These locations vary depending on engine type, but generally the accessories can be: a installed on the engine and be belt driven from a power take-off groove on the crankshaft belt pulley. If the accessory is installed a long way from the engine, engine movement must be taken into consideration e.g by using a spring-loaded guide roller. b installed on the timing cover front or rear, gearwheel driven from the camshaft drive. WARNING! When engines are delivered without protection all rotating parts must be protected if it, after being built into the respective application, is necessary for personal safety. Belt Driven P.T.O. Crankshaft belt pulley, front end The amount of power available at the crankshaft belt pulley depends on power take-off belt pulley distance from the cylinder block surface and the direction of the vector forces that affect the belt pulley. It is also dependent on belt pulley diameter and engine rpm. Crankshaft belt pulleys are available for every engine type. Some have an integral power take-off groove, while others can be fitted with a bolt-on power take-off disc. Tightening torques If the crankshaft belt pulley is changed, the new pulley must be tightened to the correct torque. Tightening torques are stated in the service manual for each engine type. More detailed information is available in the Sales Support Tool, Partner Network. Belt Tension All belt-driven power take-off connections must have the correct belt tension, as insufficient belt tension may cause the belts to slip at high loads and high rpm, which will shorten belt life etc. If the power take-off is driven by the crankshaft, overtight belt tension will cause higher side loads than necessary, which may cause damage to the crankshaft bearing. Belt tension can be tested by applying pressure to the middle on the greatest belt distance between two belt pulleys and adjusting the tension until the belt only yields to a given measurement; refer to the illustration. On diesel engine installations with several belts where there are two or more belts between two belt pulleys, the belts must have the same length in order for the load to be distributed evenly and for the belts to last as long as possible. Idler Pulleys Idler wheels used to tension V-belts must be located on the slack side of the belt and may not be narrower than the minimum diameter recommended by the belt manufacturer. Belt pulleys that are too small will shorten belt life considerably. A spring-loaded belt pulley is preferable to one that is adjusted and fixed, as a spring-loaded pulley ensures belt tension is maintained. This becomes more important the greater power take-off values are, as tauter belt tension is required to avoid belt slippage, and this causes greater side loads/bending moment on the crankshaft and its bearings. NOTICE! It is also important to use a spring-loaded idler pulley where internal movement may occur between a flexibly mounted engine and driven equipment installed on a separate chassis. Gear driven P.T.O.from Timing Case Limitation Check that the engine specifications are suitable for the installation of power take-off equipment. - Weight: Consideration must be given to how much the equipment to be bolted to the timing covers weighs. A support bracket on the cylinder block must be used for heavy equipment. - Cyclical torque: Certain equipment, e.g. hydraulic pumps, cause large cyclical torque variations on the timing gears. This means that the maximum torque according to the data in the Sales Support Tool, Partner Network, may not be used. All power take-off equipment for connection directly to the timing cover must be approved by Volvo Penta. PTO (Repto) The illustration shows where the PTO is located on TAD1370 engines. The connection point is standard and fits: 1 SAE-B, max load 600 Nm 2 DIN-5462, max load 650 Nm 3 DIN-5462, max load 1000 Nm NOTICE! DIN-5462 and max load of 1000 Nm may only be ordered when purchasing new engines. Air Compressors Air compressors can be driven in the following ways: 1 From the timing gear. 2 By belt drive. Make sure that the compressor is of a recommended type before it is installed. Otherwise information must be sent to Volvo Penta for approval and to ascertain whether momentary torque loads are within the engine gear wheel transfer capacity and that the compressor is not too heavy. Things to remember concerning Power Take-off at the Timing Gears - The factor that determines drive lifetime is torque. - If a torque higher than that specified is used, drive lifetime will be shortened. - If the same power (P) is used at a lower engine rpm, torque will be higher and drive lifetime will therefore be shortened according to the formula: V-Belt Transmissions V-belt transmissions can easily be adapted to different gear ratios (by using different drive pulley sizes). This type of transmission provides flexible power transfer with a low noise level and requires relatively little maintenance. However, alignment must be accurate and belt tension must be easy to adjust. Crankshaft Side Loadings, Flywheel End The permissible crankshaft sideload magnitude depends on the type of engine, operating rpm, and engine application. Original equipment manufacturers may contact Sales Engineering Industrial, AB Volvo Penta, Sweden for detailed information on maximum permissible crankshaft side loads, and for advice regarding specific installation problems. Direction of the Side Loadings The engine will normally manage a greater side load (F) below the shaft than above it, in which case the belt drive must wherever possible be arranged such that the driven equipment is located below the crankshaft centerline. If two or more belt drives are required and it is possible to install them in opposite directions, their effects will cancel each other out and minimize total side load on the crankshaft bearings. Unsupported P.T.O. Pulley If it is necessary to use a power take-off belt pulley without support, the design must be inspected and approved by Volvo Penta. The following information must be provided: 1 Engine specifications: 2 A drawing of the drive arrangements including the following: a Average diameter of all belt pulleys in the system. b Power take-off belt distances from the cylinder block front or rear surface. c Number, size and type of belts to be used. d The location of the driven equipment in relation to the engine. e Belt tensioning method, e.g. adjustable fixed pulley, spring-loaded pulley etc. f The equipment's maximum and continuous power requirements. P.T.O. Support Bearings On installations where it is necessary to transfer large forces or where several belts are required, the power take-off shafts must be supported by bracket bearings or reinforced support bearings. Large side loads occur in V-belt transmissions. We therefore emphasize the importance of accurate alignment. Furthermore, V-belt tension must be checked carefully. This is especially important if multi-grooved belt pulleys are to be used. If the V-belts are unevenly tensioned in relation to each other, it will lead to increased loads on the bearings and a displacement of the load center. Preferably, use a multi-groove V-belt; see illustration. Generators come in all sizes and configurations, ranging from the smaller 1,000-watt hand-held models to large 2-megawatt units. Typically, generators used to provide power at construction sites will range in size anywhere from 25 to 600 kilowatts (kW), and according to John Garcia, manager generator development Americas for Doosan Portable Power, accurately calculating power needs is critical to generator safety. “Minimal thought given to power needs on any jobsite or event can damage equipment and pose a major safety risk,” Garcia says. “Properly sizing a generator can be complex, which is why we recommend consulting a power generation specialist before selecting a model for a specific application. Common safety concerns An undersized generator will have an insufficient power output that can cause the unit to fail. This can damage not only the generator, but also the equipment the generator is powering. Conversely, a generator that’s oversized — i.e., the application doesn’t pull enough power to allow the unit to run at optimal capacity — is likely to result in wet-stacking. “Wet-stacking occurs when diesel fuel doesn’t burn at an appropriate temperature and begins to clog valves and fuel injectors,” Garcia explains. “If this continues, the engine loses torque and cannot maintain enough horsepower to produce the necessary wattage to power the applications.” While generators are not all that difficult to operate, setting one up and distributing the power to all the equipment being powered requires a skilled, licensed electrician. Electricians have the knowledge of what the load requirements are for specific equipment, how to properly hardwire the connections and position the selector switch at the phase needed for the application requirements. Not all electrical systems are powered by the same type of voltage, Garcia explains. Equipment can either require single-phase or three-phase power. “More than 90 percent of the time, equipment will require single-phase voltage on a jobsite,” he says. “If the generator is set for three-phase power and also connected to a jobsite trailer that requires single phase, it will blow everything from the air conditioning unit and refrigerator to computers and fax machines.” Get grounded It’s imperative that the generator be properly grounded. Proper grounding involves a conducting wire that extends from the generator to a ground rod which should be placed in an area away from existing water, sewer, gas and electrical lines below the surface. An electrician will have the expertise required to properly ground the generator. In addition to properly calculating generator power needs for a specific application, and then matching the generator model with appropriate kW capacity to fulfill load requirements, daily and hourly maintenance checks will keep the generator performing at peak capacity. Daily maintenance tasks include oil and radiator checks and visual inspection of all wiring. With proper planning and diligent maintenance — and a few ongoing preventive service functions along the way — powering jobsites with a portable generator should run trouble-free. As a field power source and emergency power reserve, diesel generator sets are widely used in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, science and technology and daily life. So as a diesel generator buyer, distributor or dealer, how can we buy a satisfactory diesel generator? Starlight power technology teaches you how to judge and measure the performance of diesel generators from a professional point of view so as to buy products with high cost performance. Economic indicators The economic indicator generally refers to the fuel consumption rate and the lubricating oil consumption rate of the diesel engine. Fuel consumption rate Fuel consumption rate, it is the diesel engine per kilowatt-hour consumption of fuel A in g / (kWh). The fuel consumption rate per kilowatt-hour in an indicator power meter is called the indicative fuel consumption rate, and the fuel consumption rate per kilowatt hour in an effective power meter is called the effective fuel consumption rate. The former indicates the indicator of diesel engine economy. The latter indicates the economic efficiency of a certain engine. The fuel consumption rate referred to in the diesel engine product description refers to the effective fuel consumption rate. The fuel consumption rate referred to in the diesel engine product description refers to the effective fuel consumption rate. After measuring torque me and rotational speed n, as well as fuel consumption per hour TGT (kg/h) and effective power Pe, the effective fuel consumption rate ge is obtained by the following formula. ge=Gt/Pe*10^3[g/(kW.h)] The range of ge [g / (kW.h)] for diesel engines is as follows: High speed diesel engine ge=212~235 Low-speed diesel ge=169~190 lubricating oil consumption The consumption of oil consumption per kilowatt-hour in a diesel engine is called the skid consumption rate in g / (kW h). The g number of oil consumption per kilowatt-hour in a diesel engine is called the skid consumption rate in g / (kW h). Diesel engine lubricating oil is used continuously in the engine, the main reasons for its consumption are: when the diesel engine is in operation, the lubricating oil enters the combustion chamber through the piston or is burned by the air valve pipe flow in the gas cylinder, and the unburned oil is discharged with the exhaust gas. In addition, a portion of the lubricating oil due to atomization or evaporation in the crankcase by the crankcase vent. Diesel engine oil consumption rate is generally 0. 0. 5-4g/ (kW.h). Dynamic performance index The power performance index refers to the external work capacity of diesel engine, generally refers to the power, the average effective pressure, the rotational speed and the piston average speed and so on. active power The unit of power of a diesel engine in a unit of time is 1 kW 1 000 N ·m / s. The work done by a diesel engine per unit time in the cylinder is called indicated power. The power extracted from the engine crankshaft is called effective power after the indicated power is subtracted from the friction loss of the internal parts, the mechanical loss of power such as the pump air torsion loss and the driving accessory loss is subtracted from the engine crankshaft. If the crankshaft speed per minute is n and the crankshaft output effective power per second is We. the effective power of diesel generator is Pe=PI*nMe/30000(kW) Me is effective torque Speed and average Piston Velocity Speed diesel engine crankshaft per minute speed, expressed by r/min. The speed has great influence on the performance and structure of diesel engine, and its range is very wide. Various types of diesel engine speed range is different. The average speed of the piston cm is constantly changing in the cylinder, which is larger in the middle of the stroke, smaller in the vicinity of the stop point, and zero at the stop point. If the engine speed n is known, the piston average speed can be calculated by the lower formula. Cm=2*Sn/60=Sn/30(m/s) mean effective pressure The average effective pressure of eight is usually used to compare and evaluate the dynamic performance of various engines. It is a hypothetical pressure acting on the top of the piston, and it is the work done by the piston to move a stroke, equal to the effective work done per cycle. Pe=i*Vs*Pe*n/30t(kW) i—number of cylinders ; Vs-stroke capacity,L; Pe—mean effective pressure ,MPa; n —engine speed,r/min ; t 一Stroke number of engine So, Pe=30*t*Pe/i*Vs*n It can be seen that Pe represents the effective power per unit cylinder working volume .Pe is an important index, which not only indicates the working cycle is good or bad, but also includes the size of mechanical loss, the higher the value of Pe is under the same conditions, The more effective work the engine outputs. The values of Pe are generally as follows: Non-turbocharged diesel engine is (0. 5—O.9)MPa Turbocharged diesel engine is (0. 8—3.2)MPa Exhaust pollution index There is a small but very harmful amount of emissions in the exhaust of a diesel engine. They are carbon monoxide CO, hydrocarbon HC, nitrogen oxide NO, and sulfur dioxide SO2. These combustion products pollute the environment and are harmful to human health, resulting in social pollution. With the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness, the restriction of diesel engine exhaust pollution is becoming more and more strict. China's national standards (GB 267-87) have imposed no 2 limits on diesel engine emissions as follows: When Pe>300kPa,ge《214g/(kW·h),NOx is limited at 29g/(kW .h); When g,=214-268g/(kW .h)时,NOx is limited at 14-25g(kW·h); When ge>268g/(kW·h)时,NOx is limited at llg/(kW·h)。 Weight and shape dimension index The weight and shape size of diesel engine is an index to evaluate the structure compactness and metal material utilization ratio of diesel engine. Different types of diesel engines require different weights and dimensions. Weight index The weight index of a diesel engine is usually measured in terms of its specific mass. Specific mass (gw), also known as unit power mass, is the ratio of the net weight of diesel engine Gw to the calibrated power Pe. gw=Gw/Pe(kg/kW) The so-called net weight refers to the quality of the auxiliary equipment and auxiliary systems which do not include fuel oil, lubricating oil, cooling water and other auxiliary systems not directly installed on the internal combustion engine body. The specific mass is related not only to the type of diesel engine, the structure, the size of accessories, but also to the materials used and manufacturing technology. Shape dimension index Shape dimension index, also called compactness index, is the index of compact degree of overall arrangement of diesel engine. It is usually measured by the unit volume power of a diesel engine. The unit volume power Pv is the ratio between the calibration power Pe of the diesel engine and the external volume V of the diesel engine. Pv=Pe/V (kW/m^3) V=LBH Among them, L, B, H is the maximum length, width and high size of diesel engine. These are the methods of judging and measuring the performance of diesel generators, which are shared by the technical team of Jiangsu Starlight Electricity Equipment Co.,Ltd. How to Select Standby Generator
1. What are your power requirements? Your power needs can certainly tie back to your available budget, however, the primary determining factor for generator sizing can be answered with the following question: In the event of a power outage, should the generator run the entire building or just emergency loads? When sizing a generator for an entire building, factors like peak demands during summer months and the amperage of your electrical service are relevant details. When sizing for emergency loads only, the emergency circuits need to be determined. For an existing structure, this may require the electrician to split the emergency circuits from your main electrical panel into a separate emergency panel. For a home standby system, this decision is typically homeowner preference. For a critical application such as a healthcare facility, certain loads may be required to have emergency back-up in order to meet code compliance. 2. Which fuel type? The most common fuel types for emergency standby systems are natural gas, propane, and diesel. While gasoline may seem convenient, it’s typically viewed as a poor fuel choice for standby systems due to its relatively short life of stability. Cost can be a factor when choosing between a diesel or natural gas generator (or propane) since the cost difference can vary depending on the size of the generator. The availability of the fuel source is another important factor. Diesel and propane provide an ‘on-site’ fuel source but may require a re-fill during an extended power outage, where natural gas is pulled from the local utility. Local code requirements may dictate which fuel types are available to your area; for example propane may not be an option within city limits in some regions. In addition, the type of facility can sometimes dictate if an on-site fuel source is required. 3. Who will install the equipment? The general answer is a licensed electrician and may also require a licensed plumber, but the choice is most often up to the buyer. The key is to choose a reputable company with a history of installing standby generator systems. Some buyers may have a company in mind when deciding to purchase a generator while others may benefit from a referral. If the choice is unclear, one of our representatives would be happy to provide recommendations. 4. Where will the generator be located? The generator set should be located where it’s readily accessible for maintenance and repair, and high enough to keep rising water from reaching the generator. For outdoor and rooftop installations, comply with code requirements for minimum distance from combustible walls and building openings. For indoor installations, adhere to requirements for fuel supply, ventilation, exhaust ducting, and proximity to combustible materials. Typically the generator should be located as close as possible to the transfer switch and fuel supply. For more info, see Generator Placement. 5. If outdoors, which enclosure type? A follow-up question: Is there a local noise ordinance? Some areas require the sound level of the standby system to be within a specific decibel rating at the nearest property line. If a specific sound requirement exists, the target sound level will determine the type of generator enclosure. Many residential or light commercial generators come standard with a sound attenuated enclosure while industrial grade generators may offer several enclosure types ranging from a standard weather enclosure to a custom package to meet strict requirements. 6. What is the voltage requirement? Common low voltages for the U.S. are: 120/240 volts single phase, 120/208 volts three phase, 120/240 volts three phase, and 277/480 volts three phase. If you are unsure, your electrician can provide this information. 7. Which type of transfer switch? Transfer switches for emergency standby generator are usually the automatically controlled type. Manual transfer switches can be supplied for certain systems if preferred, although this lack of automation usually doesn’t come with much of a cost savings. The size of the transfer switch (amperage rating) and installation location should be determined by your electrician and may depend on the earlier question of “entire building or just emergency loads?” If the system is sized to carry the whole building, the transfer switch may need to be service entrance rated which incorporates a utility disconnect within the transfer switch cabinet. For commercial/industrial applications, several other transfer switch features are available such as bypass isolation, closed transition, and programmed transition. 8. Any specific accessory requirements? Accessory options will vary depending on the generator type. Residential or light commercial systems typically offer an optional remote annunciator panel which provides generator status and can be located in a preferred area indoors. Cold weather kits and remote monitoring are also available for many residential/commercial systems. For industrial systems, the number of available options is much greater, including an expanded list of communication options, enclosure lighting, alternator strip heaters, load centers, etc. 9. Warranty duration? The standard warranty for generator systems typically ranges from one year to five years depending on the generator type. Where a residential generator may come standard with a warranty ranging from two to five years, an industrial generator may come standard with a one or two year warranty and offer optional upgrades. It’s a good idea to understand the warranty duration and coverage of your standby generator, and ask for upgrade costs if you prefer an increased coverage. 10. Who will maintain the equipment? Just like your vehicle, your generator needs to be properly maintained to help ensure the equipment will start and run as expected during your next power outage. Unlike your vehicle, generators tend to be neglected for extended periods between power outages. This can result in equipment failure during that critical time when you need it. Whether you are a do-it-yourselfer or if you prefer the added insurance of a maintenance program, keeping your equipment maintained properly is highly important to ensure reliable operation. Rolls-Royce and TSK to deliver five power plants, 475 MW of backup capacity for Chile’s national electricity grid TSK/Rolls-Royce consortium to deliver power plants for grid stabilisation purposes TSK, as the consortium leader, is responsible for the delivery of the entire system Glenfarne Group subsidiary Prime Energía to own and operate plants A consortium comprising EPC contractor TSK and Rolls-Royce has signed an engineering, procurement and construction (“EPC”) contract with Prime Energía Quickstart Spa, a subsidiary of Prime Energia SpA (“Prime Energía”), for the construction of five power plants across Chile consisting of 265 MTU Onsite Energy 16V 4000 gensets. Prime Energía is a subsidiary of the New York-based Glenfarne Group, LLC (“Glenfarne”), a developer, owner-operator and industrial manager of energy and infrastructure assets. Prime Energía’s five power plants will offer a total combined capacity of 475 MW, which will be connected to Chile’s electricity grid to provide backup capacity to the country’s power supply system. Brendan Duval, Managing Partner of Glenfarne, said: “These plants are an integral part of Glenfarne’s strategy to develop power infrastructure that supports the proliferation of renewables and the stability of the grid in regions across the Americas with great potential for growth. I am pleased to partner with such high calibre partners as TSK and Rolls-Royce on the delivery of these assets.” The order to deliver the power plants to the first three locations has been officially placed with the consortium, with the order for the two additional plants scheduled to follow shortly thereafter. The MTU gensets will be digitally connected via gateways sending data to the MTU GoManage platform to monitor and analyse system data. The power plants will be remotely monitored and controlled in real time by Prime Energía’s state of the art Network Operations Center in Santiago. Chile is one of the fastest growing economic powers in Latin America. Demand for energy is expected to grow at an annual rate of 4 per cent over the next 5 years, and the country expects to benefit from the vast availability of renewable power sources. The percentage of renewable energy in the Chilean power mix is growing at a constant rate: its share, in terms of installed generation capacity, has more than tripled since 2012, and in 2017, with a total plant capacity of around 4,300 MW, was approximately 18 per cent. By 2035, no less than 60 per cent of the country’s electricity is expected to be produced from renewable energy, increasing to 70 per cent by 2050. As Chile increases its reliance on weather variable renewable energy sources, there will be an increased requirement for fast-response, cost-competitive backup power sources such as the power plants in Prime Energía’s portfolio to stabilise the electricity grid. MTU Onsite Energy gensets installed in South America have a total combined capacity to date of some 2,400 MW, most of which is based on 16V 4000 MTU gensets, including 400 MW in Chile. Motorists may favor diesel motor oils over their gasoline counterparts for a few different reasons. Diesel oil is perceived as more “heavy-duty” than gasoline oils Some motorists desire a higher viscosity, and it may be easier to find a 5W-40 or 15W-40 diesel oil than gasoline oil Diesel oil typically contains more robust detergency additives than gasoline oils It is safe to use a diesel oil in your gasoline engine, provided the diesel oil meets the appropriate specifications and viscosity requirements of your engine. For example, if your gas engine calls for a motor oil that meets the API SN specification, you can safely use a diesel oil of the correct viscosity that meets the API SN spec. For the typical gasoline application, however, a diesel oil isn’t required and the more appropriate choice is a quality gasoline motor oil for both performance and value. Pay attention to oil specifications The American Petroleum Institute (API) publishes its “C” category of specification for diesel oil (currently CK-4) and its “S” category for gas generator oil (currently SN). It’s common for today’s diesel engine oils to carry both the API CK-4 and API SN specifications. Though they’re truly designed for diesel applications, they can be used in gasoline applications for motorists who want to use one oil in all applications. If the diesel oil carries both specs, the oil is safe to use in diesel and gasoline applications. If the diesel oil does not carry the “S” category, AMSOIL strongly recommends against using it in gasoline applications. The correct oil formlation for the application In the past, motorists may have been told diesel oils were tougher than passenger car oils for a number of reasons, including higher viscosity, improved corrosion protection, higher Total Base Number and more. Diesel oils are often thought to be formulated with special components not available in gasoline motor oils, such as more robust detergency additives to handle the soot inherent to diesel engines. In some motorists’ minds, diesel oils are still analogous to better protection. While that may have been true in the past, modern oils are formulated for their intended applications. While both diesel and gasoline oils contain many of the same additives to guard against wear, corrosion, foaming and more, they also contain additives designed to manage the byproducts of combustion. Some of those byproducts change, depending on whether the engine runs on gasoline or diesel fuel. If your vehicle uses a gasoline engine, it’s best to use an oil that contains the correct additives to handle the byproducts of gasoline combustion. The same holds if you’re operating a diesel engine. When to favor diesel oil over gasoline motor oil If your gasoline generator is heavily modified to put out more horsepower, using a diesel oil can be beneficial. It’s likely modified engines will need a higher viscosity to withstand the increased stress. You can turn to diesel engine oils for those needs or you might want to consider a racing oil, depending on your engine modifications and lubrication requirements. Many times the engine builder will help provide insight as to what success they have found. Outside of that, if you have a bone-stock gasoline-powered application it’s best to stick with a gasoline motor oil. They are designed for that type of application and have the components required to manage that engine. |
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dieselgenerator 存档
July 2022
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